Here are some questions I found to get started with good questioning. These are by no means the only possibilities, but this table of questions gives a great start on THE PROBLEM.

To promote problem solving, ask: *What do you need to find out? *What strategies are you going to use? *What information do you have?	To help when students get stuck, ask: *How did you tackle similar problems? *What do you know that isn't stated in the problem? *What about putting things in order?	To make connections among ideas, ask: *How does this relate to ...? *Can you give me an example of...? *What previous ideas helped in solving this?
To help students collectively make sense of math, ask: *What do you think about what ______ said? *Can you convince the rest of us that your answer makes sense?	To help students learn to reason mathematically, ask: *Is that true for all cases? Explain. *How would you prove that? *What assumptions are you making?	To encourage reflection, ask: *Does your answer seem reasonable? Why/not? *What are the key points/main ideas in this lesson? *Can you describe your method to us all?
To encourage conjecturing ask: *What would happen if ...? *Do you see a pattern? Can you explain it? *Can you predict the next one?	To check student progress, ask: *Why did you decide to use this method? *Is there a more efficient strategy? *What do you notice when ...?	To help students build confidence ask: *How did you reach that conclusion? *Why is that true? *Can you make a model to show that?

table copied from Developing Mathematical Thinking with Effective Questions, PBS.org/teacherline

My students often say, "Why can't you just answer my question? You always answer me with another question." Most often I reply, "I answer your question with a question because I don't want to take away the feeling of power you'll have when you figure out the answer for yourself."